Australia declared their second innings closed after lunch on Friday’s fourth day of the fourth Test at 5-167, setting India a target of 500 to win.
Ricky Ponting was unbeaten on 60 and Brad Haddin was 11 not out.
Australia resumed on Friday at 3-50 and reached 5-154 at lunch.
Skipper Michael Clarke finally declared three overs after lunch when the chance to set the daunting target of 500 was realised.
After a double century in the first innings, Clarke was given out caught behind for 37 off Umesh Yadav’s bowling on Friday morning.
However, TV replays suggested doubt over the decision.
Clarke completed a record-breaking series, becoming only the third player and the first captain to score a triple century and a double hundred in a series alongside Don Bradman and England’s Wally Hammond.
Clarke’s series tally is a stunning 626 runs at an average of 125.2.
Struggling paceman Ishant Sharma claimed only his fifth wicket of the series when Mike Hussey was out lbw for 15 before lunch.
The record for the highest successful fourth-innings run chase in an Adelaide Test has stood since 1901/02 when Joe Darling’s side scored 6-315 against England.